Albinism, hereditary condition characterized by the absence of pigment in the eyes, skin, hair, scales, or feathers. Albino animals rarely survive in the wild because they lack the pigments that normally provide protective coloration and screen against the sun’s ultraviolet rays. Two major types of albinism are recognized: oculocutaneous albinism, which affects the skin, hair, and eyes and is subdivided into four main types, and ocular albinism, which affects only the eyes and occurs most commonly in a form known as Nettleship-Falls syndrome. Individuals with oculocutaneous albinism have milk-white skin and hair, though the skin may be slightly pinkish in colour owing to underlying blood vessels. Affected persons sunburn very easily and are thus more susceptible to skin cancers. In both oculocutaneous and ocular albinism, the iris of the eye typically appears pink, while the pupil itself appears red from light reflected by blood in the unpigmented choroid. Vision abnormalities such as astigmatism, nystagmus, and photophobia are common.
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