Consanguinity, kinship characterized by the sharing of common ancestors. Kin are of two basic kinds: consanguineous and affinal. Consanguineous kinship is a universal type; it includes those with common ancestors and excludes individuals who lack ancestors in common. In the modern sense, consanguinity is a genetic concept. From a strictly biological point of view, the term is inappropriate, because the genetic contributions of ancestors are not passed on to their descendants as blood but through genes contained in the chromosomes located in cell nuclei. Chromosomes are composed of nucleic acids and proteins. DNA is the constituent portion of the chromosome that carries genes, and it is coded in specific ways to produce and control protein synthesis, with parts of each parent’s genetic message transmitted to the offspring. From a genetic perspective, consanguinity influences the probabilities of specific combinations of genetic characteristics called genotypes. Consanguinity results in the inheritance, from common ancestors of both parents, of transmissible capacities to synthesize and control nucleic acids and proteins, the essential substances of all organisms.
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