Zootechnics is the art of managing domestic or captive animals, including handling, breeding, and keeping. Based on: Genetics, Reproduction, Feeding and Nutrition, Handling, Health and Economics.
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Affiliation: Professor
Department: Pharmacology
Country: United Arab Emirates
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Affiliation: Assistant Professor
Department: Animal Science
Country: Portugal
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Affiliation: Professor and Head
Department: Veterinary Parasitology
University: University, Ludhiana
Country: India
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Affiliation: Faculty
Department: Agricultural and Animal Production
University: Autonomous Metropolitan University
Country: Mexico
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Cyanosis is a bluish to red-purple tinge of the tissues, seen best in the gums and skin, and typically accompanying respiratory distress (i.e., difficulty breathing). When cyanosis is seen in dogs and cats, it’s an indicator of a severe lack of oxygen in the blood (called hypoxemia). It typically means that hemoglobin in the red blood cells doesn’t have enough oxygen or isn’t able to carry oxygen at all. Cyanosis can be classified as central or peripheral. There are several factors that may hinder you and your veterinarian from being able to detect physical signs of cyanosis. For example, the red blood cell (RBC) count can affect signs of cyanosis-a pet with severe anemia and a low number of RBCs may never show signs of cyanosis. The lower the hemoglobin concentration in a pet, the more the oxygen levels must fall before cyanosis can be clinically detected. Also, patients with shock, carbon monoxide poisoning, or those with abnormal hemoglobin may not show cyanosis well during a physical exam.
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Veterinarians visually grade pets using a Body Condition Score (BCS). The BCS is a somewhat subjective rating used to standardize the level of an animal’s weight. This helps us formulate a diet and exercise plan that best suits your pet’s body, activity level and lifestyle. Body condition scoring is a subjective method for estimating the quantity of subcutaneous fat in specific anatomical regions on a live animal. Actual body condition scores (BCS) and changes in scores over time enable the farmer/supervisor to estimate the impact of various management practices, especially the efficiency of nutrition on reproduction, production of milk and on health. Scoring body condition enables farmers to estimate and compare the body conditions in various production groups and how much body tissue is lipolized during the transition period . Thus, body condition scoring is an important tool in daily management of dairy animals.
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An anaphylactic reaction or anaphylaxis is an immediate hypersensitivity (allergic) reaction to a foreign substance, especially a foreign protein, known as an allergen or antigen. The most common clinical signs of anaphylaxis include itching, red skin swellings called wheals or hives, a swollen face or muzzle, excessive salivation or drooling, vomiting, and diarrhea. In systemic anaphylaxis, the dog will have difficulty breathing and may be cyanotic (have a bluish color to the tongue and gums).
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Metoclopramide (Reglan) is a reasonably good central antiemetic drug for dogs but not for cats. Maropitant (Cerenia) is a superior broad spectrum antiemetic drug and is now recognized as an excellent first choice for control of vomiting in dogs.Phenothiazine antiemetics (chlorpromazine, prochlorperazine) have a broad spectrum effect and are effective in controlling vomiting due to a variety of causes. Chlorpromazine acts on the emetic center, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and on peripheral receptors. It is also thought to function as a calcium channel antagonist. This effect decreases cyclic AMP concentrations in intestinal epithelial cells which leads to decreased intestinal epithelial cell secretion.
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Canine gastropexy is a surgical procedure performed most commonly in large breed dogs to prevent gastric dilatation volvulus (GDV), commonly known as bloat. GDV is a life-threatening condition in which the stomach flips over and expands, trapping air and gases in the stomach. Circulation to the stomach and spleen is subsequently interrupted, resulting in shock which can be fatal.In gastropexy, the stomach is tacked to the right side of the abdominal wall, so it cannot shift or twist. The procedure can be conducted laparoscopically. In gastropexy, the stomach is tacked to the right side of the abdominal wall, so it cannot shift or twist. The procedure can be conducted laparoscopically.
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Veterinary Sciences and Medicine 