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Equine laminitis is a crippling disease in which there is a failure of attachment of the epidermal laminae connected to the hoof wall from the dermal laminae attached to the distal phalanx. Laminitis affects all breeds of horses.Equine laminitis is a crippling disease in which there is a failure of attachment of the epidermal laminae connected to the hoof wall from the dermal laminae attached to the distal phalanx. Because the laminae are responsible for suspending the distal phalanx within the hoof wall, laminar failure in combination with the downward forces of the weight of the horse and distracting forces such as the tension from the deep digital flexor tendon commonly results in a catastrophic displacement of the distal phalanx, resulting in severe lameness.

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Anaemia is a common presenting sign in veterinary practice and is defined as a decrease in red blood cells (erythrocytes) or a decrease in haemoglobin concentration. It can result from a failure of red cell production, red cell loss or destruction. ANAEMIA is a common presenting sign in veterinary practice and is defined as a decrease in red blood cells (erythrocytes) or a decrease in haemoglobin concentration. It can result from a failure of red cell production, red cell loss or destruction. By undertaking a series of investigations, the cause of the anaemia can be identified. This article describes how to investigate anaemia in the dog using a step-by- step approach.

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Acute Care Veterinary Clinic is to help your pet live a longer, healthier life.  To accomplish this we offer a wide variety of medical, surgical and dental procedures.  We also encourage regular physical examinations and preventative health care.  Underlying it all is our commitment to treat your pet like one of our own. In addition, our canine and feline boarding facilities are clean, comfortable and climate controlled.  Bathing and grooming are also available and performed by experienced, compassionate professionals .We at Acute Care encourage the human-animal bond.

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Anticoagulants, commonly known as blood thinners, are chemical substances that prevent or reduce coagulation of blood, prolonging the clotting time. Some of them occur naturally in blood-eating animals such as leeches and mosquitoes, where they help keep the bite area unclotted long enough for the animal to obtain some blood. As a class of medications, anticoagulants are used in therapy for thrombotic disorders. Oral anticoagulants (OACs) are taken by many people in pill or tablet form, and various intravenous anticoagulant dosage forms are used in hospitals. Some anticoagulants are used in medical equipment, such as sample tubes, blood transfusion bags, and dialysis equipment. They can also be used as rodenticides. Anticoagulants are closely related to antiplatelet drugs and thrombolytic drugs by manipulating the various pathways of blood coagulation. Specifically, antiplatelet drugs inhibit platelet aggregation (clumping together), whereas anticoagulants inhibit the coagulation cascade by clotting factors that happens after the initial platelet aggregation.

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Canine distemper should sound familiar to you if your dog is up-to-date on his vaccinations. Veterinarians consider the distemper vaccine to be a core vaccination, along with the parvovirus, canine adenovirus, and rabies vaccines.The disease is highly contagious and potentially lethal. A paramyxovirus causes distemper in dogs, and it is closely related to the measles and rinderpest viruses. It causes severe illness in the host by attacking multiple body systems, resulting in a widespread infection that is difficult to treat.

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Antitussive therapy is symptomatic and is primarily for the comfort of the animal and the owner. Most antitussive drugs are opiates or opioids that directly suppress the cough center in the medulla oblongata Antitussives are medicines that suppress coughing, also known as cough suppressants. .Suppressing productive or mucus-producing coughs caused by some respiratory diseases with antitussives may be hazardous. Many viral coughs are best treated by increasing fluid intake and exposing the airways to humidity.

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The most common clinical signs of anaphylaxis include itching, red skin swellings called wheals or hives, a swollen face or muzzle, excessive salivation or drooling, vomiting, and diarrhea. In systemic anaphylaxis, the dog will have difficulty breathing and may be cyanotic (have a bluish color to the tongue and gums. An anaphylactic reaction or anaphylaxis is an immediate hypersensitivity (allergic) reaction to a foreign substance, especially a foreign protein, known as an allergen or antigen. Before an anaphylactic reaction can occur, the pet must have had a previous exposure to the offending substance. A common example is a dog stung by a bee that later develops an allergy to bee stings. The first time the dog is stung, a short-term localized reaction called a humoral response occurs. This response causes the immune system to produce a substance called Immunoglobulin E (IgE) that binds to the surface of mast cells. Mast cells are responsible for the redness and swelling (hives) that you see at the site of the sting. At this point, the patient is said to be sensitized to the bee’s toxin.

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Atopy is an allergic skin condition in dogs caused by exposure to normally innocuous substances in the environment such as house dust mite, pollen from trees, flowers or grasses and mould spores that are absorbed through the skin or inhaled. These substances, called allergens make the immune system over-react and release histamines causing  excessive itching. The dog’s paws, face, groin, armpits and ears are most commonly affected areas.

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A surgical anastomosis is a surgical technique used to make a new connection between two body structures that carry fluid, such as blood vessels or bowel. For example, an arterial anastomosis is used in vascular bypass and a colonic anastomosis is used to restore colonic continuity after the resection of colon cancer. A surgical anastomosis can be created using suture sewn by hand, mechanical staplers and biological glues, depending on the circumstances. While an anastomosis may be end-to-end, equally it could be performed side-to-side or end-to-side depending on the circumstances of the required reconstruction or bypass. The term reanastomosis is also used to describe a surgical reconnection usually reversing a prior surgery to disconnect an anatomical anastomosis.

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Albinism is the “congenital absence of any pigmentation or coloration in a person, animal or plant, resulting in white hair, feathers, scales and skin and pink eyes in mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish and invertebrates. Varied use and interpretation of the terms mean that written reports of albinistic animals can be difficult to verify. Albinism can reduce the survivability of an animal; for example, it has been suggested that albino alligators have an average survival span of only 24 hours due to the lack of protection from UV and their lack of camouflage to avoid predators.Albino animals have characteristic pink or red eyes because the lack of pigment in the iris allows the blood vessels of the retina to be visible. Familiar albino animals include in-bred strains of laboratory animals (rats, mice and rabbits), but populations of naturally occurring albino animals exist in the wild, e.g. Mexican cave tetra. Albinism is a well-recognized phenomenon in molluscs, both in the shell and in the soft parts.

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